Indian Railway Codes and Manuals-Engineering code-Chapter- 5 (V)

 

CHAPTER V

ENGINEERING SURVEYS PROJECT REPORT, TECHNO ECONOMIC SURVEY REPORT AND FEASIBILITY REPORT

501. Preamble.-At the conclusion of investigation, the Project Investigator shall formulate a Report which is called Project Report if the investigation is based on Final Location Surveys, Project Reports shall be prepared in the format contained in para 502. In the case of Techno-economic Surveys based on Preliminary Engineering-cum-Traffic Survey, Techno-economic Surveys Report shall be formulated as indicated in para 555. If the investigation is a feasibility study based on Reconnaissance Survey then a Feasibility Report shall be prepared (refer para 576).

502. Project Report.--The Project Report may be compiled under chapters as indicated below:

• (i) Introduction;
• (ii) Characteristics of the project area;
• (iii) Standards of construction;
• (iv) Route selection;
• (v) Project Engineering, Estimation of Cost and Construction Schedule; and
• (vi) Conclusions and recommendations.

Introduction

503. Introduction.-The contents of this chapters may be presented under the following sections :

• (i) Object of investigation and background;
• (ii) Programme and methodology of investigation;
• (iii) Special features of investigation.

504. In the first section the object of the proposed investigation and the history of the past investigations carried out, if any, should be indicated. If any orders of the Government for the present investigation has been issued a reference to this order should be mentioned.

505. In the section dealing with the programme of investigation the organisation adopted for the investigation and the studies made and the work accomplished during the field season may be furnished in a brief narrative form. In the section "Methodology of Investigation" the method adopted for selection of major obligatory points selection of alignments, particularly in difficult terrain, choice of design of important river crossings and important station sites may be enunciated.

506. If the investigation involves any special features like investigation of various alternatives for a major river crossing, traversing of deep ravines, difficult hilly terrain, marshy areas requiring special stabilization studies etc. these may be mentioned in the section "Special Features" in brief.

Characteristics of the project area

507. Characteristics of the Project Area.--In this Chapter the topographical outline of the area and the geological features of the country in so far as these are likely to affect the alignment, probable stability of the line, cost of construction, working expenses or future prospects of the proposed line may be explained. Climatic and rain-fall characteristics and environmental characteristics like presence of corrosive factors, pollution etc., which may have an effect on the design and maintenance of structures, bridges etc., may be brought out. Any plans that are being developed by other agencies for impounding rivers in the project area should be enquired into and indicated. This Chapter should cover the existing means of communication in the Project Area, the availability of access roads to the alignment and the outline of the civil administrations of the area. The extent to which the railway works would interfere with the existing military cantonments, building, rifle ranges, camping grounds, or communications should be brought out, Extent of such interferences, opinion of local military authorities and how their objections, if any, can best be met with and the adoption of bridges to take heavy lorries, guns and other military traffic may be mentioned.

Standards of construction

508. Standards of construction.--This Chapter must present an outline of the standards adopted for the various constituent elements of the Project. The object is to present the terms of reference on which the cost of the project has been framed, which will facilitate the investment decision making authority to review the standards, if necessary, and to make a choice compatible with the traffic prospects and resource availability. The standards of construction may be presented under headings indicated in paras 510 to 523.

509. Gauge. The Gauge adopted for the proposed line and reasons, if any for adopting it, may be stated.

510. Category of Line. The category of line (see para 210) the maximum speed potential of the line, the maximum axle load the loading standard of bridges and the basis for adopting the same may be indicated.

511. Ruling Gradient. The Ruling Gradient adopted and the basis for its selection may be furnished. The maximum length and tonnage of goods trains catred for in the design may be indicated. Calculation regarding the most economical Ruling Gradient may be relegated to an Appendix.

512. Curves. The sharpest degree of curvature adopted, the basis for its adoption and its impact on the projected speed compatible to the category of line may be indicated.

513. Permanent Way.--Rail section adopted, whether welding of rail will be carried out or not, the type and density of sleepers, provided in the Project Estimate may be mentioned.

514. Ballast.-The type and the depth of ballast cushion provided may be stated.

515. Fixed Structure Clearance. The fixed structure clearance adopted the maximum speed for which various works are designed, and the potential available for increasing speed on the line (particularly in category `A' of BG) may be indicated.

516. Road Crossings. The standards adopted for level crossings and grade separated road crossings may be expounded in brief.

517. Stations.--Spacing of stations in the case of new lines, provisions made for future intermediate stations and the scale of facilities contemplated at the stations may be stated in brief.

518. Residential Accommodation. The scale and extent to which residential accommodation have been included in the project cost may be stated.

519. Station Machinery. Brief indication of the engine changing arrangements, length of each engine run, number of watering stations included in the project (in the case of new lines) and water supply augmentation arrangements covered in the project cost may be furnished.

520. Servicing and Maintenance Facilities. Any servicing and maintenance facilities like repair shops etc. included in the project cost may be stated.

521. Signalling and Telecommunications. The standard of Signalling adopted and the scale of communication facilities provided may be indicated.

522. Traction.-The type of traction proposed may be stated.

Route Selection

523. This Chapter must provide relevant information and data of the various alternative routes examined and must give an insight into the factors influencing the choice of the route adopted for the project. It must at the outset indicate the various alternative routes examined. In presenting the alternatives only routes several kilometres in length should be mentioned. Minor deviations should be discussed in dealing with each main alternative route.

Thereafter the general description of each alignment, clearly defining the "fixed point" or zero from which the kilometrage of the proposed line is reckoned, selection of junction and other stations on the alignment, and short descriptions of river crossing should be expounded. Calculations regarding the cost of "distances", "Curvature", "rise" and "fall" should be relegated to an appendix but reference to these calculations should be made where necessary, in discussing deviations.

The advantages and disadvantages of each alternative route should be discussed and reasons as to why the alignment finally selected is preferred should be furnished.

The total length of the route selected and the length in every State, Division and District and the length of Sections into which the proposed line has been divided for estimating purposes should be indicated.

524. Extensions.-At the time when he is formulating his Report, the Project Investigator should have a much better idea than any one else about the branches and other extension of the proposed lines which are likely to be needed in the near or the distant future; he should record his opinion on the subject under this Chapter even if he has received no definite instructions to that effects.

Project Engineering Estimation of Cost and Construction Schedule

525. Project Engineering.-This section must furnish information and data to the Project Manager to enable him to understand the scope and extent of the project and to assist him in formulating the strategy for execution and management of the project. It must bring to focus the problems likely to be encountered and identify the areas requiring special attention and place the knowledge and information gathered at the investigation stage for evolving optimal solutions. This section must broadly present the information under each of the main heads of the estimate of the cost of the proposed line describing the standards of the work for which the estimate cares for. Information must also be made available regarding the basis of adoption of principal rates to enable the Project Manager to understand the basis of the evaluation of cost of the project and to exercise cost control. The compilation may be done under various heading given in para 526 to 538.

526. Preliminary Expenses.-Under this heading the cost of surveys already carried out and indication of any further investigation which may be required before the commencement of the execution of the proposed line may be furnished.

527. Land.-Remarks as to the width of the land for which the estimate provides, particularly whether provision is made for doubling the line or not and the difficulties which may be expected in acquiring land owing to existing important buildings, religious archeological or other important structures military rights or other special causes should be given. Data regarding cost of land obtained from the Civil Authorities should be relegated to the appendix on "Rates".

528. Formation.-Under this head details should be given regarding formation width on banks and in cuttings; side slopes of banks and cuttings, method of construction of earth work; borrow areas; compaction of soil; use of special blanketing material; provision of sub-banks; with supporting information on soil investigation and results of core drilling wherever necessary: provision for turfing or other protection for banks and cuttings and for repairing them and for topping banks with selected material; sections of tunnels; retaining walls, side drains and catch water drains.

Sometimes there is a discrepancy between the values of bench marks used by various departments of Government or by Railways in the neighbourhood from which the proposed line starts; and any discrepancy and any errors in levels which are known to exist along the proposed line, should be mentioned.

In the case of projects for additional lines and gauge conversions, if any special arrangements are required for controlling the blasting for widening of existing cuttings, the method contemplated at the investigation stage may be indicated.

529. Bridges.-A list of various type of bridges in a tabulated form may be furnished. Detailed description should be given in the remarks column for bridges having a total waterway of 180 lineal metres or 110 sq. metre or more. Any difficulties expected, special methods proposed for construction, materials to be used may be detailed. Special arrangements that may be required for strengthening of existing bridges, if contemplated (particularly in the case of gauge conversions), extension of existing bridges (in the case of provision for additional lines) may be indicated. Method of transporting girder at components, arrangements for erection and launching of girders may be mentioned.

Information regarding the number of lineal metres of waterway per kilometre that for Major and Minor Bridges should be given separately (a "bridge" which has a total waterway of 18 lineal metres or more or which has a clear opening of 12 lineal metres or more in any on one span, is classed as a Major Bridge).

530. Permanent Way.-The possible location of Stores Depots for , P. Way and other stores and any problem likely to be encountered in training out materials may be discussed.

The nature of ballast, source of supply and quantity per metre provided for in the estimate may be indicated.

The minimum distance between reverse curves provided for in the alignment, the method adopted for laying out transition curves and vertical curves may be furnished.

Any special feature in the manner of linking of track particularly in the case of gauge conversion projects may be outlined.

531. Station Buildings and Residential Quarters.-The scale of facilities provided at various stations and any special architectural treatment that may be needed in the case of important buildings may be indicated. Location of administrative and other offices provided for in the project cost may be dealt with in this section. In the case of residential buildings the description of type of quarters, any planning required for townships, provision of dispensaries, institutes, market places may be highlighted.

532. Notes regarding Station Machinery may be presented under subgroups as indicated below :-

• (i) Running sheds and workshop facilities;
• (ii) Watering arrangements;
• (iii) Sand humps;
• (iv) Signalling and inter-locking; and
• (v) Others.

533. Road Crossings-The type of level crossing planned, any diversions of roads contemplated and any difficulties encountered in the execution of grade separated road crossings may be discussed.

534. Equipments-This section should discuss the equipment to be provided giving details separately for :-

• (i) Signalling;
• (ii) Communications including telegraphs, train control and microwave etc.; and
• (iii) Electrification of Stations.

Note-In case electric traction is adopted, that should be given covering all details.

535. Rolling Stock-Whether Rolling Stock has been provided for or not in the project cost may be stated. If provided for, full particulars regarding the number and type of engines and other rolling stock should be given with reasons for provisions made, if there are any ferries of floating bridges on the proposed line, the provision made in the estimate should also be specially mentioned.

536. Special Problems-This section may highlight any special problems which may present itself in the execution of the project and should discuss the technical solutions which are contemplated at the investigation.

537. Project Organisation.-The organisational structure required for execution of the project, the proposed headquarters of the Project Manager and other Construction Officers, the administrative division of the constructive activities may be discussed. Health and hygienic conditions are as likely to affect the staff and the provision of necessary medical establishment may be indicated. Suggested plans for providing housing for staff and labour, construction of temporary office buildings may be outlined. Comments regarding the availability of water for construction purposes and also its suitability for the drinking purposes may be given. Procurement of special plant and equipment of construction purposes and the final allocation of the cost of such plants may be indicated.

538. Rate Analysis-An analysis of the principal rates adopted in the estimation of cost and reasons for adopting the same should be given in appendix. for girders of other steel works an analysis of the rates per span and per tonne is necessary. This may also be indicated in the appendix on `Rates'.

539. Statistical Information-Statistical information may be compiled in the following form and furnished in the Report for the purpose of comparison and for the benefit of top management :-

• (i) Land rate per sq. hectare;
• (ii) Earth work in banks rate per 10 cu. m.;
• (iii) Earth work in cuttings overall average rate per 10 cu. m.;
• (iv) Lined tunnels -rate per metre length;
• (v) Unlined tunnels-rate per metre length;
• (vi) Major bridges-rate per metre length;
• (vii) Minor bridges-rate per metre length;
• (viii) Track (rails, sleepers and fastenings) laid in position-cost per km.;
• (ix) Main line-cost per km.;
• (x) Running loops-cost per km.;
• (xi) Sidings-cost per km.;
• (xii) Points and crossings per set;
• (xiii) Ballast-cost (laid in track per cu. m.);
• (xiv) Service Buildings-cost per sq. m.;
• (xv) Staff quarters-cost per sq. m.; and
• (xvi) Total cost of signalling per crossing station of 2 and 3 lines.

540. Estimation of Cost.-The methodology adopted in the computation of quantities for earth work, bridges and buildings may be indicated. For estimation of cost detailed estimates in form E-553 together with "Abstract Cost of Project" in Form E-554 and Abstract Estimate of Junction Arrangements in the case of projects relating to construction of new line should be prepared and appended to the report.

541. Investment Schedule.-In addition to the abstract cost, an Investment schedule for the various years of construction programme should be furnished.

542. If any phasing of work is required, the extent of such phasing with reasons thereof and the investment levels for such phasing may be indicated.

543. Construction Programme.-A net work may be developed while preparing detailed estimate for projects costing Rs. 50 lakhs or more if it is appropriate for the type of work undertaken and appended to the Report.

544. The Report should also be accompanied by the following tabulated details (see paragraphs 547 to 552) :-

• (i) Curve Abstract (Form E. 547).
• (ii) Gradient Abstract (Form E. 548).
• (iii) Bridge Abstract (Form E. 549).
• (iv) Important Bridges (Form E. 550).
• (v) Station Machinery (form E. 551).
• (vi) Stations and Station Sites (Form E. 552).

545. Covering Note.-The Report on the Final of Location Survey, otherwise called the Project Report should be submitted to the Railway Board under a covering note which should have the authority of the Railway Administration submitting the project report. The note should provide a summing up and inter alia state the object of the proposed survey and the circumstances leading to the present investigation. A brief resume of the past performance, present status of traffic movement and future traffic projections must be presented. A brief description of the salient features of the proposed scheme its cost and investment pattern should be given. If any estimate have been submitted previously for the project a comparison should be made between the detailed estimate prepared on the Final Location Survey and that already submitted to or sanctioned by the Railway Board. An explanation should also be given in the note of any material modification made in the project in excess in the estimate over an existing sanctioned estimate. A summary of the financial appraisal and a brief description of the benefit that will accrue from the schemes should be furnished. The note should conclude with the recommendation of the Railway Administration submitting the Report.

546. Arrangement of Documents.-All the documents pertaining to a Final Location Survey Report should be bound in the following order :-

• 1. Covering Note.
• 2. Index.
• 3. Report, followed by a "list of Drawing accompanying the Report"
• 4. Appendices to the Report :-

·         (a) Historical and Geographical.

·         (b) Location Reports.

·         (c) Rates for construction work.

547. Curve Abstract-  Curve Abstract referred to in Paragraph 543 ante should be in the following ­

Form E 547   ( Continued to........ List of forms)

548.          Gradient Abstract:- The  standard form to be used is given below:-

Form E. 548   (Continued to........ List of forms)

549. Bridge Abstract:- This  abstract should be prepared in the form given below:-

Form E.549      (Continued to........ List of forms)

550. Important Bridges:- Details about important bridges should be tabulated as shown in the standard form below:-

Form E.550   (Continued to........ List of forms)

551. Station Machinery:- The tabulated details under this head should be in the form below:-

Form E.551     (Continued to........ List of forms)

552. Station and Station Sites:-  Details should be tabulated as shown in the standard form below:-

Form E. 552    (Continued to........ List of forms)

553.  Detailed Estimates:- Details of the cost of construction of a proposed line under the various heads of Capital and other Works Expenditure classification should be prepared in the forms that follows . The various detailed estimates of a project are collectively referred to as the “construction estimate “ of the project (see paragraph 710-712) . The name of the project , the gauge and the length in kilometers should be shown on the top of each of the several parts constituting the “Construction Estimate” shown below.  In the forms indicated below the plan heads corresponding to new lines (Construction) has been shown. Depending on the Project investigated the corresponding Plan Head may be adopted.

Form E 553    (Continued to........ List of forms)

Note-The unit of one kilometre should be taken as one kilometre length of single fence not fencing sufficient for both sides of a Kilometre of Railway.

1146. ROAD CROSSINGS INCLUDING FOOT OVER/UNDER BRIDGES AT

STATIONS AND OTHER PLACES

554.-Abstract Cost of Project .--The detailed construction estimates should be accompanied by an Abstract cost of the project in the following form :-

555.     Techno-Economic Survey Reports.—Techno-Economic Survey Reports based on Preliminary Engineering-cum-Traffic Surveys for new lines and traffic facilities may be compiled under chapters as indicated below :—

(i)         Introduction ;

(ii)        Traffic Projection ;

(iii)       Analysis of Alternatives ;

(iv)       Characteristics of Project Area ;

(v)        Standards   of   Construction   (for new   lines, multiple tracking schemes, gauge conversions);

(vi)       Route Selection/Project Description ;

(vii)      Project Engineering (for new lines, multiple tracking schemes and gauge conversions);

(viii)      Cost, phasing and investment schedules ;

(ix)       Financial Appraisal ; and

(x)        Recommendation.

556.     The outlines of chapters as indicated in para 556 to 575 are to be taken as guidelines and depending on the type of project to be investigated, they can be suitably modified and adopted.

557.     Introduction.—Guidelines contained in para 503 may be generally followed in framing the contents of this chapter.  In the section dealing with “Methodology and Investigation” for projects other than new lines the method adopted for the various aspects of investigation associated with the project may be outlined.  Any special features, pertaining to various constituent elements of the project which may be of interest to any future investigation may be mentioned.

558.     Traffic Projections.—Even though a separate traffic survey report in a detailed form may be compiled, this chapter should furnish a synopsis to provide necessary focus to obtain a clear perspective of the scheme.  This chapter, therefore, should provide an insight into the traffic prospects and present analysis of existing capacity and possibility of optimisation of the existing facilities.

559.     The traffic projection must present a commodity-wise analysis taking into account the growth of major industries, minerals and agricultural activities in the area and also the general trends of growth of traffic.  The projections may be made over a period of 30 years at an interval of 5 years.

560.     Analysis of the existing Capacity.—The existing capacity must be analysed with reference to master charts in the case of doublings, multiple track schemes and gauge conversion schemes.  In the case of projects relating to passenger terminals the existing capacity must be analysed with reference to occupation charts of platform lines, washing and stabling lines etc.  In the case of schemes relating to goods and marshalling yards the capacity must be examined in terms of average detention of trains etc.  In the case of projects relating to new lines, the existing means of transport, such as roads, water-ways etc. must be discussed.

561.     Possibility of Optimisation of Existing Facilities.—The report must present an analysis on the possibility of optimisation of the existing facilities.  In the case of doublings, multiple tracking, gauge conversion schemes the analysis must project the possibility of improving the line capacity by having improved signalling higher speeds heavier/longer trains, change of traction from steam to diesel/electric traction.

In the case of schemes for terminal facilities, the analysis should cover the possibility of reducing the lie over period of rakes, reducing the servicing time of rakes and the occupation of platform by each train.  The possibility of shifting the terminal away from a busy terminus either by extending the run of the existing trains or by combining two trains from different directions terminating at the same station, may also be analysed.

In the case of schemes relating to goods yards, the analysis, should indicate whether the detention in the yards are reasonable and if there is a possibility of reducing them. The analysis should cover the possibility of extending point to point services reducing the workload in marshalling yards and detention in the yards enroute.

For projects relating to new lines, the analysis should cover whether existing means of transport can meet the requirements of traffic by making some improvements and whether the construction of a new line is inescapable.

562.     Analysis of alternatives - The Analysis must  indicate the alternative schemes, their approximate cost, the time required for their execution, the additional capacity they will create, their merits and demerits. Financial returns must be worked out for the important  alternatives and the one giving the best return may be generally adopted except when there are other overriding reasons in favour of the costlier alternative

563.     Characteristics of Project Area - For projects relating to construction of new lines, multiple tracking a schemes and gauge conversions provisions contained in para 507 may be followed.

564.     Standards of Construction.—For projects relating to construction of new lines, multiple tracking schemes and gauge conversions provisions contained in para 508 to 522 will apply.

565.     Route selection/project description.—For projects relating to construction of new lines multiple tracking schemes and gauge conversions, provisions contained in para 523 will apply for route selection.  For projects like yard re-modelling, terminal facilities etc. the contents of the chapter Project Description may be presented under the following groupings :—

(i)         Site

(ii)        Environment:

(iii)       Facilities to be provided :

(iv)       Equipment and construction requirement;

(v)        Input requirements;

(vi)       Labour and Management requirements; and

(vii)      Problems likely to be encountered during construction.

566.     Site.—The availability of land, its characteristics and land use patterns (agricultural, residential, industrial, grazing etc.) may be mentioned.  The suitability of the site for the project under study taking into account the future needs should be brought out.

567.     Environment.—Climatic conditions, rainfall characteristics, existence of air pollution which may cause corrosion etc. may be brought out.  Details of communications facilities available like access roads, availability of water, human activity in the area and human settlements (townships squatter settlements etc.) may be furnished.  This aspect is of considerable importance since the location of terminal  facilities or yard facilities close to squatter settlement with attendent problem like pilferage etc., has to be borne in mind in the choice of selection of alternative sites.

568.     Facilities to be provided.—The various facilities to be provided under the scheme may be presented grouped according to the various user departments.

569.     Equipment and construction requirements.—Under this heading various equipment which may be provided as a part of the scheme (particularly in the case of repair facilities) may be indicated.  Further any special equipment required during construction may also be indicated.

570.     Input requirement.—Availability of power and water arrangements for meeting the demand may be indicated.  Availability of construction materials and any special arrangements for procuring them may be furnished.

571.     Labour and Management requirement.—The organisational structure envisaged for the execution of the project may be indicated.  The staffing pattern to operate the facilities provided after commissioning the project and the facilities included in the scheme to meet the housing and the other requirements of such staff may be furnished.

572.     Special problems.—The chapter should indicate the type of problems that may be encountered during the execution of the project. Problems likely to be encountered in land acquisition, movement of materials, foundation problems, and any difficulty in housing of workers and ensuring supply of utilities during construction may be brought out.

573.     Project Engineering.—For projects relating to new lines, multiples tracking schemes and gauge conversions provisions contained in para 525 may be followed.

574.     Cost, phasing and investment schedule.—Provisions contained in para 542 and 543 may be followed.

575.     Financial Appraisal.—This Chapter must present the financial appreciation of the various alternative schemes examined by the Project Investigator.  If phasing of the project is contemplated the investment levels of the various phases may be kept in view while presenting the analysis.  Reference may be made to chapter II of the Indian Railway Financial Code regarding financial appraisal of Railway projects.

576.     Feasibility Reports.—Feasibility Reports may be prepared in the format prescribed for Techno-economic Survey Reports.

Multiple choice questions:

1.What is the primary purpose of a Project Report?

A. To provide an overview of the project's financials.
B. To compile findings from Final Location Surveys.
C. To list the environmental impacts of the project.
D. To detail the history of past investigations.

Answer: B. To compile findings from Final Location Surveys.

2. Which section in the introduction of the Project Report details the organization and accomplishments of the investigation?

A. Object of investigation and background
B. Special features of investigation
C. Programme and methodology of investigation
D. Environmental impact assessment

Answer: C. Programme and methodology of investigation

3. What should be included in the "Special Features" section of the introduction?

A. History of past investigations
B. Orders of the Government
C. Investigation of various alternatives for major river crossings
D. Method adopted for selection of major obligatory points

Answer: C. Investigation of various alternatives for major river crossings

4. What aspects are covered in the "Characteristics of the Project Area" chapter?

A. Object of investigation and methodology
B. Topographical outline and geological features
C. Investment decision making
D. Standards of construction

Answer: B. Topographical outline and geological features

5. What must be detailed regarding climatic and rainfall characteristics in the Project Report?

A. The cost of construction
B. Effects on the design and maintenance of structures
C. Programme and methodology of investigation
D. The gauge adopted for the proposed line

Answer: B. Effects on the design and maintenance of structures

6. Which chapter of the Project Report outlines the standards adopted for various constituent elements of the project?

A. Introduction
B. Characteristics of the project area
C. Standards of construction
D. Conclusions and recommendations

Answer: C. Standards of construction

7. What should be stated about the gauge in the Standards of Construction chapter?

A. The maximum speed potential of the line
B. The category of line
C. The gauge adopted for the proposed line and reasons for its adoption
D. The type of traction proposed

Answer: C. The gauge adopted for the proposed line and reasons for its adoption

8. What information is provided regarding the ruling gradient in the project report?

A. The sharpest degree of curvature adopted
B. The depth of ballast cushion provided
C. The ruling gradient adopted and the basis for its selection
D. The standard of signaling adopted

Answer: C. The ruling gradient adopted and the basis for its selection

9. What does the "Permanent Way" section specify?

A. The ruling gradient and curvature
B. Rail section adopted and type of sleepers
C. Standards for level crossings
D. Spacing of stations

Answer: B. Rail section adopted and type of sleepers

10. What does the section on fixed structure clearance discuss?

A. The methodology of investigation
B. The impact on projected speed
C. The maximum speed for which various works are designed
D. The availability of access roads

Answer: C. The maximum speed for which various works are designed

11. Which section covers the standards adopted for level crossings and grade-separated road crossings?

A. Permanent Way
B. Fixed Structure Clearance
C. Road Crossings
D. Station Machinery

Answer: C. Road Crossings

12. What should be mentioned about stations in the new lines?

A. The cost of construction
B. Provisions made for future intermediate stations
C. The type of traction proposed
D. Climatic characteristics

Answer: B. Provisions made for future intermediate stations

13. What details are included regarding residential accommodation in the project report?

A. The cost estimation
B. The scale and extent to which residential accommodation has been included in the project cost
C. Environmental impact assessment
D. Programme and methodology of investigation

Answer: B. The scale and extent to which residential accommodation has been included in the project cost

14. What is briefly indicated in the Station Machinery section?

A. Engine changing arrangements and length of each engine run
B. Standards for level crossings
C. Methodology of investigation
D. Characteristics of the project area

Answer: A. Engine changing arrangements and length of each engine run

15. What should be furnished regarding servicing and maintenance facilities?

A. The maximum speed potential of the line
B. Any repair shops included in the project cost
C. The object of investigation
D. Environmental characteristics

Answer: B. Any repair shops included in the project cost

16. What is indicated in the section on Signaling and Telecommunications?

A. The scale of communication facilities provided
B. The gauge adopted for the proposed line
C. The type of traction proposed
D. The programme and methodology of investigation

Answer: A. The scale of communication facilities provided

17. What type of traction is proposed in the project report?

A. Diesel
B. Electric
C. Both A and B
D. The type of traction proposed

Answer: D. The type of traction proposed

1. What is the purpose of the "Route Selection" chapter in the Project Report?

A. To discuss environmental impacts.
B. To provide relevant information and data of the various alternative routes examined.
C. To estimate the project cost.
D. To outline the organizational structure for project execution.

Answer: B. To provide relevant information and data of the various alternative routes examined.

2. When discussing alternative routes in the Route Selection chapter, what should be included?

A. Minor deviations in the routes.
B. Detailed cost analysis of each alternative.
C. Only routes several kilometres in length.
D. The type of traction proposed.

Answer: C. Only routes several kilometres in length.

3. What should be relegated to an appendix in the Route Selection chapter?

A. General description of each alignment.
B. Selection of junction and other stations.
C. Calculations regarding the cost of "distances," "curvature," "rise," and "fall."
D. Total length of the route selected.

Answer: C. Calculations regarding the cost of "distances," "curvature," "rise," and "fall."

4. What should the Project Investigator record in the "Extensions" chapter?

A. The programme and methodology of investigation.
B. His opinion on branches and other extensions of the proposed lines needed in the near or distant future.
C. The total cost of the project.
D. Standards of construction adopted.

Answer: B. His opinion on branches and other extensions of the proposed lines needed in the near or distant future.

5. What is the objective of the "Project Engineering" section?

A. To provide a historical background of the project.
B. To furnish information and data to enable the Project Manager to understand the scope and extent of the project.
C. To detail the environmental impacts of the project.
D. To discuss the organizational structure required for project execution.

Answer: B. To furnish information and data to enable the Project Manager to understand the scope and extent of the project.

6. What information should be furnished under "Preliminary Expenses"?

A. The cost of surveys already carried out.
B. The gauge adopted for the proposed line.
C. The minimum distance between reverse curves.
D. The type of traction proposed.

Answer: A. The cost of surveys already carried out.

7. What should be indicated regarding land in the project report?

A. The depth of ballast cushion provided.
B. The width of the land for which the estimate provides.
C. The ruling gradient adopted.
D. The standards for level crossings.

Answer: B. The width of the land for which the estimate provides.

8. What details should be provided under "Formation"?

A. The gauge adopted for the proposed line.
B. The scale of communication facilities provided.
C. Details regarding formation width on banks and in cuttings, method of construction of earthwork, and soil investigation results.
D. The type of traction proposed.

Answer: C. Details regarding formation width on banks and in cuttings, method of construction of earthwork, and soil investigation results.

9. What should be listed under the "Bridges" section?

A. Various types of bridges in a tabulated form.
B. The category of line and its maximum speed potential.
C. The environmental characteristics of the project area.
D. The scale and extent of residential accommodation included in the project cost.

Answer: A. Various types of bridges in a tabulated form.

10. What should be discussed under the "Permanent Way" section?

A. The programme and methodology of investigation.
B. The standards adopted for level crossings and grade-separated road crossings.
C. The possible location of Stores Depots for Permanent Way and other stores, and the nature of ballast.
D. The scale of facilities provided at various stations.

Answer: C. The possible location of Stores Depots for Permanent Way and other stores, and the nature of ballast.

11. What should be highlighted in the "Station Buildings and Residential Quarters" section?

A. The cost of construction of the proposed line.
B. Special architectural treatment needed for important buildings and location of administrative offices.
C. The type of traction proposed.
D. The organizational structure required for project execution.

Answer: B. Special architectural treatment needed for important buildings and location of administrative offices.

12. What subgroups should be included under "Station Machinery"?

A. Programme and methodology of investigation.
B. Running sheds and workshop facilities, watering arrangements, sand humps, signalling and inter-locking, and others.
C. Standards adopted for level crossings.
D. Scale and extent of residential accommodation.

Answer: B. Running sheds and workshop facilities, watering arrangements, sand humps, signalling and inter-locking, and others.

13. What should be discussed in the "Road Crossings" section?

A. The possible location of Stores Depots for Permanent Way.
B. The type of level crossing planned and any diversions of roads contemplated.
C. The minimum distance between reverse curves.
D. The ruling gradient adopted and the basis for its selection.

Answer: B. The type of level crossing planned and any diversions of roads contemplated.

14. What should the "Equipments" section discuss?

A. The cost of construction of the proposed line.
B. Equipment to be provided for signalling, communications, and electrification of stations.
C. The environmental characteristics of the project area.
D. The standards adopted for level crossings.

Answer: B. Equipment to be provided for signalling, communications, and electrification of stations.

15. What should be stated in the "Rolling Stock" section?

A. Whether rolling stock has been provided for in the project cost.
B. The scale and extent of residential accommodation.
C. The possible location of Stores Depots for Permanent Way.
D. The type of level crossing planned.

Answer: A. Whether rolling stock has been provided for in the project cost.

16. What is the focus of the "Special Problems" section?

A. The width of the land for which the estimate provides.
B. Special problems likely to be encountered in the execution of the project and the technical solutions contemplated.
C. The environmental characteristics of the project area.
D. The scale of facilities provided at various stations.

Answer: B. Special problems likely to be encountered in the execution of the project and the technical solutions contemplated.

17. What should be outlined in the "Project Organisation" section?

A. The standards adopted for the construction of the project.
B. The organizational structure required for execution, administrative division of activities, and health and hygienic conditions.
C. The possible location of Stores Depots for Permanent Way.
D. The cost of surveys already carried out.

Answer: B. The organizational structure required for execution, administrative division of activities, and health and hygienic conditions.

18. What should be included in the "Rate Analysis" appendix?

A. The gauge adopted for the proposed line.
B. An analysis of the principal rates adopted in the estimation of cost and reasons for adopting the same.
C. The type of traction proposed.
D. The scale and extent of residential accommodation.

Answer: B. An analysis of the principal rates adopted in the estimation of cost and reasons for adopting the same.

19. What statistical information should be compiled for the report?

A. The object of the investigation.
B. Statistical data such as land rate per hectare, earthwork rates, tunnel rates, bridge rates, and track costs.
C. The scale of facilities provided at various stations.
D. The organizational structure required for execution of the project.

Answer: B. Statistical data such as land rate per hectare, earthwork rates, tunnel rates, bridge rates, and track costs.

20. What should be indicated in the "Estimation of Cost" section?

A. The type of level crossing planned.
B. Methodology adopted in the computation of quantities for earthwork, bridges, and buildings.
C. The scale and extent of residential accommodation.
D. The standards adopted for the construction of the project.

Answer: B. Methodology adopted in the computation of quantities for earthwork, bridges, and buildings.

21. What is the purpose of the "Investment Schedule"?

A. To provide historical background of the project.
B. To outline the investment levels for the various years of the construction program.
C. To discuss the standards adopted for level crossings.
D. To highlight special problems encountered in the execution of the project.

Answer: B. To outline the investment levels for the various years of the construction program.

22. What should be developed for projects costing Rs. 50 lakhs or more?

A. A detailed cost estimate.
B. A net work appropriate for the type of work undertaken.
C. A statistical information report.
D. A detailed appendix on rates.

Answer: B. A net work appropriate for the type of work undertaken.

23. What tabulated details should accompany the Report?

A. The object of the investigation.
B. Details such as Curve Abstract, Gradient Abstract, Bridge Abstract, Important Bridges, Station Machinery, and Stations and Station Sites.
C. The total length of the route selected.
D. The standards adopted for the construction of the project.

Answer: B. Details such as Curve

1. What is the primary purpose of the "Route Selection" chapter in a project report?

A. To detail the financial aspects of the project
B. To provide information on the different routes examined and the factors influencing the chosen route
C. To discuss the project's environmental impact
D. To present the project's construction timeline

Answer: B

2. What kind of routes should be mentioned when presenting alternatives in the "Route Selection" chapter?

A. Routes shorter than one kilometer
B. Routes several kilometers in length
C. Only routes within city limits
D. Routes with the least cost

Answer: B

3. Where should the calculations regarding the cost of distances, curvature, rise, and fall be included?

A. In the main body of the report
B. In an appendix
C. In the conclusion
D. In the introduction

Answer: B

4. What should be provided regarding land under the "Land" heading in the Project Engineering section?

A. The length of the land required
B. The width of the land and difficulties in acquiring it
C. The cost of construction on the land
D. The environmental impact on the land

Answer: B

5. Under which heading should information about the side slopes of banks and cuttings be included?

A. Bridges
B. Formation
C. Permanent Way
D. Road Crossings

Answer: B

6. What should be detailed for bridges with a total waterway of 180 lineal meters or more?

A. Financial costs
B. Types of materials used
C. Detailed descriptions and special construction methods
D. Environmental impacts

Answer: C

7. What is important to indicate about the minimum distance between reverse curves in the Permanent Way section?

A. The exact distance in meters
B. The method adopted for laying out these curves
C. The cost associated with these curves
D. The environmental impact of these curves

Answer: B

8. What should be highlighted under the "Station Buildings and Residential Quarters" section?

A. Environmental impact
B. Scale of facilities and special architectural treatments needed
C. Cost of construction
D. Materials used for construction

Answer: B

9. Which type of crossings should be discussed under the "Road Crossings" section?

A. River crossings
B. Foot over/under bridges at stations
C. Level crossings and diversions of roads
D. Pedestrian crossings

Answer: C

10. What should be included under the "Equipment" section?

A. Financial costs
B. Types of signaling, communications, and electrification equipment provided
C. Environmental impacts
D. Construction timelines

Answer: B

11. In the "Rolling Stock" section, what information is required if rolling stock is provided for in the project cost?

A. Financial costs
B. Number and type of engines and other rolling stock with reasons for provisions
C. Construction timelines
D. Environmental impacts

Answer: B

12. What should be analyzed in the "Analysis of Alternatives" chapter?

A. Only the financial returns of alternatives
B. The approximate cost, execution time, capacity created, and merits and demerits of alternatives
C. Environmental impacts of alternatives
D. Construction timelines of alternatives

Answer: B

13. What factors should be discussed in the "Environment" section of the project description?

A. Cost of construction
B. Climatic conditions, access roads, and human activity in the area
C. Financial costs
D. Construction timelines

Answer: B

14. What is the focus of the "Cost, phasing and investment schedule" chapter?

A. Environmental impacts
B. Detailed construction costs
C. Phasing of the project and investment levels for various phases
D. Types of materials used

Answer: C

15. What should be presented in the "Financial Appraisal" chapter?

A. Only the financial costs of the project
B. Financial appreciation of various alternative schemes and phasing investment levels
C. Environmental impacts of the project
D. Construction timelines

Answer: B

16. What is the unit of one kilometer considered as in the "Detailed Estimates" section?

A. One kilometer length of single fence
B. One kilometer length of double fence
C. One kilometer length of railway track
D. One kilometer length of road

Answer: A

17. What is the main focus of the "Techno-Economic Survey Reports"?

A. Financial costs
B. Introduction, traffic projection, analysis of alternatives, and other project characteristics
C. Environmental impacts
D. Construction timelines

Answer: B

18. What should be included in the "Traffic Projections" chapter?

A. Only the current traffic status
B. Commodity-wise analysis and growth projections over 30 years at 5-year intervals
C. Environmental impacts
D. Construction timelines

Answer: B

19. What should the "Possibility of Optimization of Existing Facilities" chapter analyze?

A. Financial costs
B. Possibilities of improving line capacity, reducing rakes' lie over periods, and reducing train service times
C. Environmental impacts
D. Construction timelines

Answer: B

20. In the "Financial Appraisal" chapter, what should be referenced for financial appraisal of Railway projects?

A. Chapter I of the Indian Railway Financial Code
B. Chapter II of the Indian Railway Financial Code
C. Chapter III of the Indian Railway Financial Code
D. Chapter IV of the Indian Railway Financial Code

Answer: B

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